astro
08-29-2006, 05:01 PM
It's time to start looking beyond the none-theories of ST and LQG. They've given it their best shot.
I am not embarrassed to say that instead of going on to work in String theory, I instead invented an artificial retina for the blind as part of my physics Ph.D. The work appeared in numerous publications including Popular Science, Business Week, the Wall Street Journal and several scientific/engineering journals.
I had ample opportunity to go into string theory--I studied with John Wheeler as an undergrad at Princeton University--I did two indie projects with him--one on gravitation and one on quantum mechanics, and MDT provides a deeper physical reality from which both branches of physics emerge. I had Peebles, Taylor, and a lot of other great luminaries, and I did fairly well.
But ST and a lot of theoretical physics seemed a bot like a hoax to me, and I wanted to do something useful.
I left physics because I loved it too much not to.
And in the appendix of my disseration entitled a Multiple Unit Artificial Retina Chipset for the Blind & Holed Emitter CMOS Phototransistors, I offered an early writeup of Moving Dimensions Theory.
Over the past few years, nobody has convinced me that the logic and reason of theory is wrong, and it has expanded considerably.
Moving Dimensions Theory is in complete agreement with all experimental tests and phenomena associated with special and general relativity. MDT is in complete agreement with all physical phenomena as predicted by quantum mechanics and demonstrated in extensive experiments. The genius and novelty of MDT is that it presents a common physical model which shows that phenomena from both relativity and quantum mechanics derive from the same fundamental physical reality.
Nowhere does String Theory nor Loop Quantum Gravity account for quantum entanglement nor relativistic time dilation. MDT shows these derive from the same underlying physical reality. Nowhere does ST nor LQG account for wave-particle duality nor relativistic length contraction. MDT shows these derive from the same underlying physical reality. Nowhere does ST nor LQG account for the constant speed of light, nor the independence of the speed of light on the velocity of the source, nor entropy, nor time’s arrow. MDT shows these derive from the same underlying physical reality. Nowhere does String Theory nor Loop Quantum Gravity resolve the paradox of Godel’s Block Universe which troubled Eisntein. MDT resolves this paradox.
Simply put, MDT replaces the contemporary none-theories with a physical theory, complete with a simple postulate that unifies formerly disparate phenomena within a simple context.
http://physicsmathforums.com (http://physicsmathforums.com/)
MDT IN BRIEF
Without further adieu, allow me to present the beauty and elegance of MDT by showing both its simplicity and far-reaching ability to account for and answer fundamental questions. All of the below will be elaborated on throughout the book.
Questions Addressed by MDT:
Why does light have a maximum, constant speed independent of the source? The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. A photon is momenergy that exists orthogonal to the three spatial dimensions. It is carried along by the expanding fourth dimension. So no matter how fast the source is moving when the photon is emitted, the photon travels at the rate with which the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Thus c is always independent of the movement of the source.
Why are light and energy quantized? The fourth dimension is expanding in a quantized manner relative to the three spatial dimensions. Light and energy are matter rotated completely into the fourth expanding dimension, and as it expands in a quantized manner, light and energy are thus quantized.
Why is the velocity of light constant in all frames? Time is an emergent phenomena that arises because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. The flow of time is inextricably wed to the emission and propagation of photons. In all biological, mechanical, and electronic clocks, the emission and propagation of photons is what determines time. The velocity of light is always measured with respect to time, which is inextricably linked to the velocity of light. This tautology ensures that the velocity of light, measured relative to the velocity of light, will always be the same.
How can photons display both wave and particle properties? The fundamental photon propagates as a spherical wave-front, surfing the fourth expanding dimension. This is because the fourth expanding dimension appears as a spherical wavefront as it expands through the three spatial dimensions. The act of measurement localizes the photon’s momenergy, taking it out of the expanding fourth dimension and trapping it in the three stationary spatial dimensions, and it appears as a localized particle, trapped by electrons as it blackens a grain on a photographic plate.
How can matter display both wave and particle properties? The fundamental electron is abuzz with photons. Photons are continually being emitted into the fourth expanding dimension and reabsorbed by the electron. The continual dance with these photons gives the electron its wave properties. Nothing moves without photons which up the net probability that the combine momenergy will be in the expanding fourth dimension. The more photons one adds to an object, the greater the chance it has of existing in the expanding fourth dimension, and thus it moves.
Why are there non-local effects in quantum mechanics? The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. That means that what begins as a point in the fourth dimension is a sphere with a 186,000 mile radius one second later. So it is that the entire spherical wavefront of the photon exists in the exact same place in time. Hence the non-locality observed in double slit experiments, the EPR effect, and quantum entanglement. Take two interacting spin ½ photons and let them propagate at the speed of c in opposite directions. They are yet at the exact same place in time! And too, they are yet in the exact same place of the fourth expanding dimension.
Why does time stop at the speed of light?
Time depends on the emission and propagation of photons. If no photons are emitted, time does not occur. This holds true whether the clock is an unwinding copper spring, a biological system such as a heart, or an oscillating quartz crystal. No photom emission=no time! As an object approaches the speed of light, its ability to emit photons without reabsorbing them diminishes. An object traveling at the speed of light cannot emit a photon.
How come a photon does not age?
A photon represents momenergy rotated entirely into the fourth expanding dimension. A photon stays the exact same place in the fourth dimension, no matter how far it travels. A photon stays the exact same place in time, no matter how far it travels. Again, time is not the fourth dimension, but in inherits properties of the fourth dimension.
Why are inertial mass and gravitational mass the same thing?
Why do moving bodies exhibit length contraction?
Movement is always accompanied by a shortening in length. This is because the only way for a body to move is for it to undergo a rotation into the forth dimension, which is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. The more energy an electron has, the more photons it possesses, and the higher probability it exists in the expanding fourth dimension. Hence its length appears contracted as perceived from the three spatial dimensions.
Why are mass and energy equivalent?
The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. That means that a baseball sitting on a lab table stationary in our three-dimensional inertial reference frame, is yet moving at a fantastic velocity relative to the fourth dimension. Hence every seemingly stationary mass has a vast energy, as given by E=mc2. In a nuclear reaction matter is rotated into the expanding fourth dimension, appearing as high-enegry photons (gamma rays) propagating at the same velocity of the fourth expanding dimension—c.
Why does time's arrow point in the direction it points in? The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Hence every photon naturally expands in a spherically symmetric manner. Hence every electron, or piece of matter that interacts with photons, is naturally carried outward from a central point in a spherically symmetric manner. Hence the particles in a drop of dye in a swimming pool dissipate in a spherically symmetric manner, and are never reunited. Hence time’s arrow and entropy.
Why do photons appear as spherically-symmetric wavefronts traveling at a velocity c? The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the velocity c. Hence photons, which are tiny packets of momenergy rotated entirely into the fourth dimension, appear as spherically-symmetric wavefronts propagating at the velocity c.
Why is there a minus sign in the following metric?
x^2+y^2+z^2-c^2t^2=s^2
The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the velocity c. Hence the only way to stay still in the space-time continuum, and to achieve a 0 interval, is to move with the velocity of light.
What deeper reality underlies Einstein's postulates of relativity?
The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the velocity c. This single postulate assures that the speed of light is constant for all observers and that the laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames.
What deeper reality underlies Newton's laws?
Newton’s laws are an approximation of relativity and quantum mechanics, and as MDT underlies QM & relativity, it underlies Newton’s laws.
How MDT Is Aiding Fellow Physicists
"The conclusions from Bell's theorem are philosophically startling; either one must totally abandon the realistic philosophy of most working scientists or dramatically revise our concept of space-time." –Abner Shimony and John Clauser
Moving Dimensions Theory provides this new concept of space-time. The vast ambitions of most tenure-track physicists, including string theorists and LQG hypers, causes them to focus on irrelevant, minute questions, and thus, though funded by millions for over thirty years, have not yet been able to string the bow. Deeper, true physicists, such as Abner Shimony and John Clauser are alert to the fact that physics need news ideas.
The expanding fourth dimension gives rise to non-local phenomena and quantum entanglement, as the expanding fourth dimension means that two events separated in the three spatial dimensions can yet appear to be at the exact same place in the fourth dimension. MDT thus provides the new concept of space-time.
"For me, then, this is the real problem with quantum theory: the apparently essential conflict between any sharp formulation and fundamental relativity. It may be that a real synthesis of quantum and relativity theories requires not just technical developments but radical conceptual renewal." –John Bell
Moving Dimensions Theory provides this radical conceptual renewal. The expanding fourth dimension gives rise to non-local phenomena and quantum entanglement, as the expanding fourth dimension means that two events separated in the three spatial dimensions can yet appear to be at the exact same place in the fourth dimension. MDT thus provides the new concept of space-time.
"Entanglement is not one but rather the characteristic trait of quantum mechanics." –Erwin Schrodinger
The expanding fourth dimension gives rise to non-local phenomena and quantum entanglement, as the expanding fourth dimension means that two events separated in the three spatial dimensions can yet be at the exact same place in the fourth dimension. MDT thus provides the new concept of space-time.
"The discovery of the quantum of action shows us not only the natural limitation of classical physics, but, by throwing a new light upon the old philsophical problem of the objective existence of phenomena indepedently of our observations, confronts us with a situation hitherto unknown in natural science." –Niels Bohr
The expanding fourth dimension gives rise to non-local phenomena and quantum entanglement, as the expanding fourth dimension means that two events separated in the three spatial dimensions can yet appear to be at the exact same place in the fourth dimension. MDT thus provides the new concept of space-time.
"I think we need a new way to look at time, not either Quantum Mechanics or Relativity." -Roger Penrose
Time is an emergent property of a fourth dimension that is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Thus it inherits properties of the fourth expanding dimension, but time is not the fourth expanding dimension. MDT underlies time and explains time on a more fundamental level.
"Should we be prepared to see some day a new structure for the foundations of physics that does away with time? . . . Yes, because 'time' is in trouble." -John Wheeler
Time is an emergent property of a fourth dimension that is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Thus it inherits properties of the fourth expanding dimension, but time is not the fourth expanding dimension. MDT underlies time and explains time on a more fundamental level.
"Time is clothed in a different garment for each role it plays in our thinking." -John Wheeler
Time is an emergent property of a fourth dimension that is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Thus it inherits properties of the fourth expanding dimension, but time is not the fourth expanding dimension. MDT underlies time and explains time on a more fundamental level.
"The word time came not from heaven but form the mouth of man." –John Wheeler
Time is an emergent property of a fourth dimension that is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Thus it inherits properties of the fourth expanding dimension, but time is not the fourth expanding dimension. MDT underlies time and explains time on a more fundamental level.
"My ideas about time all developed from the realization that if nothing were to change we could not say that times passes. Change is primary, time, if it exists at all, is something we deduce from it. My Italian collaborator Bruno Bertotti and I found that the deep structure of Einstein's general theory of relativity does correspond to this truth. It is telling us that time does not exist as an independent thing and that change is indeed primary. However, this is in the framework of so-called classical physics, the form of physics that developed before quantum mechanics was discovered. When the idea that time has no independent existence is combined with the basic facts of quantum mechanics in the simplest possible way, the implications are startling. . .The quantum universe is static. Only timeless Nows exist. The quantum rules give them different probabilities. We experience the most probable Nows as individual instants of time. The appearance of motion and a flow of time are both illusions created by very special structure of the instants that we experience." -Julian Barbour,
http://www.platonia.com/ideas.html (http://www.platonia.com/ideas.html)
Time is an emergent property of a fourth dimension that is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Thus it inherits properties of the fourth expanding dimension, but time is not the fourth expanding dimension. MDT underlies time and explains time on a more fundamental level.
"The mystery of time's arrow is the oldest problem in science concerning the nature of time, predating even the theory of relativity." –Paul Davies, About Time
MDT accounts for Time’s Arrow: The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Photons are momenergy rotated entirely into this expanding fourth dimension. Hence any group of photons originating from a central point will be found distant to one-another. Hence every photon naturally expands in a spherically symmetric manner. Hence every electron, or piece of matter, is naturally carried outward from a central point in a spherically symmetric manner. Hence a drop of dye in a swimming pool dissipates in a spherically symmetric manner, and is never reunited. Hence time’s arrow and entropy.
I am not embarrassed to say that instead of going on to work in String theory, I instead invented an artificial retina for the blind as part of my physics Ph.D. The work appeared in numerous publications including Popular Science, Business Week, the Wall Street Journal and several scientific/engineering journals.
I had ample opportunity to go into string theory--I studied with John Wheeler as an undergrad at Princeton University--I did two indie projects with him--one on gravitation and one on quantum mechanics, and MDT provides a deeper physical reality from which both branches of physics emerge. I had Peebles, Taylor, and a lot of other great luminaries, and I did fairly well.
But ST and a lot of theoretical physics seemed a bot like a hoax to me, and I wanted to do something useful.
I left physics because I loved it too much not to.
And in the appendix of my disseration entitled a Multiple Unit Artificial Retina Chipset for the Blind & Holed Emitter CMOS Phototransistors, I offered an early writeup of Moving Dimensions Theory.
Over the past few years, nobody has convinced me that the logic and reason of theory is wrong, and it has expanded considerably.
Moving Dimensions Theory is in complete agreement with all experimental tests and phenomena associated with special and general relativity. MDT is in complete agreement with all physical phenomena as predicted by quantum mechanics and demonstrated in extensive experiments. The genius and novelty of MDT is that it presents a common physical model which shows that phenomena from both relativity and quantum mechanics derive from the same fundamental physical reality.
Nowhere does String Theory nor Loop Quantum Gravity account for quantum entanglement nor relativistic time dilation. MDT shows these derive from the same underlying physical reality. Nowhere does ST nor LQG account for wave-particle duality nor relativistic length contraction. MDT shows these derive from the same underlying physical reality. Nowhere does ST nor LQG account for the constant speed of light, nor the independence of the speed of light on the velocity of the source, nor entropy, nor time’s arrow. MDT shows these derive from the same underlying physical reality. Nowhere does String Theory nor Loop Quantum Gravity resolve the paradox of Godel’s Block Universe which troubled Eisntein. MDT resolves this paradox.
Simply put, MDT replaces the contemporary none-theories with a physical theory, complete with a simple postulate that unifies formerly disparate phenomena within a simple context.
http://physicsmathforums.com (http://physicsmathforums.com/)
MDT IN BRIEF
Without further adieu, allow me to present the beauty and elegance of MDT by showing both its simplicity and far-reaching ability to account for and answer fundamental questions. All of the below will be elaborated on throughout the book.
Questions Addressed by MDT:
Why does light have a maximum, constant speed independent of the source? The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. A photon is momenergy that exists orthogonal to the three spatial dimensions. It is carried along by the expanding fourth dimension. So no matter how fast the source is moving when the photon is emitted, the photon travels at the rate with which the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Thus c is always independent of the movement of the source.
Why are light and energy quantized? The fourth dimension is expanding in a quantized manner relative to the three spatial dimensions. Light and energy are matter rotated completely into the fourth expanding dimension, and as it expands in a quantized manner, light and energy are thus quantized.
Why is the velocity of light constant in all frames? Time is an emergent phenomena that arises because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. The flow of time is inextricably wed to the emission and propagation of photons. In all biological, mechanical, and electronic clocks, the emission and propagation of photons is what determines time. The velocity of light is always measured with respect to time, which is inextricably linked to the velocity of light. This tautology ensures that the velocity of light, measured relative to the velocity of light, will always be the same.
How can photons display both wave and particle properties? The fundamental photon propagates as a spherical wave-front, surfing the fourth expanding dimension. This is because the fourth expanding dimension appears as a spherical wavefront as it expands through the three spatial dimensions. The act of measurement localizes the photon’s momenergy, taking it out of the expanding fourth dimension and trapping it in the three stationary spatial dimensions, and it appears as a localized particle, trapped by electrons as it blackens a grain on a photographic plate.
How can matter display both wave and particle properties? The fundamental electron is abuzz with photons. Photons are continually being emitted into the fourth expanding dimension and reabsorbed by the electron. The continual dance with these photons gives the electron its wave properties. Nothing moves without photons which up the net probability that the combine momenergy will be in the expanding fourth dimension. The more photons one adds to an object, the greater the chance it has of existing in the expanding fourth dimension, and thus it moves.
Why are there non-local effects in quantum mechanics? The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. That means that what begins as a point in the fourth dimension is a sphere with a 186,000 mile radius one second later. So it is that the entire spherical wavefront of the photon exists in the exact same place in time. Hence the non-locality observed in double slit experiments, the EPR effect, and quantum entanglement. Take two interacting spin ½ photons and let them propagate at the speed of c in opposite directions. They are yet at the exact same place in time! And too, they are yet in the exact same place of the fourth expanding dimension.
Why does time stop at the speed of light?
Time depends on the emission and propagation of photons. If no photons are emitted, time does not occur. This holds true whether the clock is an unwinding copper spring, a biological system such as a heart, or an oscillating quartz crystal. No photom emission=no time! As an object approaches the speed of light, its ability to emit photons without reabsorbing them diminishes. An object traveling at the speed of light cannot emit a photon.
How come a photon does not age?
A photon represents momenergy rotated entirely into the fourth expanding dimension. A photon stays the exact same place in the fourth dimension, no matter how far it travels. A photon stays the exact same place in time, no matter how far it travels. Again, time is not the fourth dimension, but in inherits properties of the fourth dimension.
Why are inertial mass and gravitational mass the same thing?
Why do moving bodies exhibit length contraction?
Movement is always accompanied by a shortening in length. This is because the only way for a body to move is for it to undergo a rotation into the forth dimension, which is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. The more energy an electron has, the more photons it possesses, and the higher probability it exists in the expanding fourth dimension. Hence its length appears contracted as perceived from the three spatial dimensions.
Why are mass and energy equivalent?
The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. That means that a baseball sitting on a lab table stationary in our three-dimensional inertial reference frame, is yet moving at a fantastic velocity relative to the fourth dimension. Hence every seemingly stationary mass has a vast energy, as given by E=mc2. In a nuclear reaction matter is rotated into the expanding fourth dimension, appearing as high-enegry photons (gamma rays) propagating at the same velocity of the fourth expanding dimension—c.
Why does time's arrow point in the direction it points in? The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Hence every photon naturally expands in a spherically symmetric manner. Hence every electron, or piece of matter that interacts with photons, is naturally carried outward from a central point in a spherically symmetric manner. Hence the particles in a drop of dye in a swimming pool dissipate in a spherically symmetric manner, and are never reunited. Hence time’s arrow and entropy.
Why do photons appear as spherically-symmetric wavefronts traveling at a velocity c? The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the velocity c. Hence photons, which are tiny packets of momenergy rotated entirely into the fourth dimension, appear as spherically-symmetric wavefronts propagating at the velocity c.
Why is there a minus sign in the following metric?
x^2+y^2+z^2-c^2t^2=s^2
The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the velocity c. Hence the only way to stay still in the space-time continuum, and to achieve a 0 interval, is to move with the velocity of light.
What deeper reality underlies Einstein's postulates of relativity?
The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the velocity c. This single postulate assures that the speed of light is constant for all observers and that the laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames.
What deeper reality underlies Newton's laws?
Newton’s laws are an approximation of relativity and quantum mechanics, and as MDT underlies QM & relativity, it underlies Newton’s laws.
How MDT Is Aiding Fellow Physicists
"The conclusions from Bell's theorem are philosophically startling; either one must totally abandon the realistic philosophy of most working scientists or dramatically revise our concept of space-time." –Abner Shimony and John Clauser
Moving Dimensions Theory provides this new concept of space-time. The vast ambitions of most tenure-track physicists, including string theorists and LQG hypers, causes them to focus on irrelevant, minute questions, and thus, though funded by millions for over thirty years, have not yet been able to string the bow. Deeper, true physicists, such as Abner Shimony and John Clauser are alert to the fact that physics need news ideas.
The expanding fourth dimension gives rise to non-local phenomena and quantum entanglement, as the expanding fourth dimension means that two events separated in the three spatial dimensions can yet appear to be at the exact same place in the fourth dimension. MDT thus provides the new concept of space-time.
"For me, then, this is the real problem with quantum theory: the apparently essential conflict between any sharp formulation and fundamental relativity. It may be that a real synthesis of quantum and relativity theories requires not just technical developments but radical conceptual renewal." –John Bell
Moving Dimensions Theory provides this radical conceptual renewal. The expanding fourth dimension gives rise to non-local phenomena and quantum entanglement, as the expanding fourth dimension means that two events separated in the three spatial dimensions can yet appear to be at the exact same place in the fourth dimension. MDT thus provides the new concept of space-time.
"Entanglement is not one but rather the characteristic trait of quantum mechanics." –Erwin Schrodinger
The expanding fourth dimension gives rise to non-local phenomena and quantum entanglement, as the expanding fourth dimension means that two events separated in the three spatial dimensions can yet be at the exact same place in the fourth dimension. MDT thus provides the new concept of space-time.
"The discovery of the quantum of action shows us not only the natural limitation of classical physics, but, by throwing a new light upon the old philsophical problem of the objective existence of phenomena indepedently of our observations, confronts us with a situation hitherto unknown in natural science." –Niels Bohr
The expanding fourth dimension gives rise to non-local phenomena and quantum entanglement, as the expanding fourth dimension means that two events separated in the three spatial dimensions can yet appear to be at the exact same place in the fourth dimension. MDT thus provides the new concept of space-time.
"I think we need a new way to look at time, not either Quantum Mechanics or Relativity." -Roger Penrose
Time is an emergent property of a fourth dimension that is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Thus it inherits properties of the fourth expanding dimension, but time is not the fourth expanding dimension. MDT underlies time and explains time on a more fundamental level.
"Should we be prepared to see some day a new structure for the foundations of physics that does away with time? . . . Yes, because 'time' is in trouble." -John Wheeler
Time is an emergent property of a fourth dimension that is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Thus it inherits properties of the fourth expanding dimension, but time is not the fourth expanding dimension. MDT underlies time and explains time on a more fundamental level.
"Time is clothed in a different garment for each role it plays in our thinking." -John Wheeler
Time is an emergent property of a fourth dimension that is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Thus it inherits properties of the fourth expanding dimension, but time is not the fourth expanding dimension. MDT underlies time and explains time on a more fundamental level.
"The word time came not from heaven but form the mouth of man." –John Wheeler
Time is an emergent property of a fourth dimension that is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Thus it inherits properties of the fourth expanding dimension, but time is not the fourth expanding dimension. MDT underlies time and explains time on a more fundamental level.
"My ideas about time all developed from the realization that if nothing were to change we could not say that times passes. Change is primary, time, if it exists at all, is something we deduce from it. My Italian collaborator Bruno Bertotti and I found that the deep structure of Einstein's general theory of relativity does correspond to this truth. It is telling us that time does not exist as an independent thing and that change is indeed primary. However, this is in the framework of so-called classical physics, the form of physics that developed before quantum mechanics was discovered. When the idea that time has no independent existence is combined with the basic facts of quantum mechanics in the simplest possible way, the implications are startling. . .The quantum universe is static. Only timeless Nows exist. The quantum rules give them different probabilities. We experience the most probable Nows as individual instants of time. The appearance of motion and a flow of time are both illusions created by very special structure of the instants that we experience." -Julian Barbour,
http://www.platonia.com/ideas.html (http://www.platonia.com/ideas.html)
Time is an emergent property of a fourth dimension that is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Thus it inherits properties of the fourth expanding dimension, but time is not the fourth expanding dimension. MDT underlies time and explains time on a more fundamental level.
"The mystery of time's arrow is the oldest problem in science concerning the nature of time, predating even the theory of relativity." –Paul Davies, About Time
MDT accounts for Time’s Arrow: The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Photons are momenergy rotated entirely into this expanding fourth dimension. Hence any group of photons originating from a central point will be found distant to one-another. Hence every photon naturally expands in a spherically symmetric manner. Hence every electron, or piece of matter, is naturally carried outward from a central point in a spherically symmetric manner. Hence a drop of dye in a swimming pool dissipates in a spherically symmetric manner, and is never reunited. Hence time’s arrow and entropy.